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Below some tips to assist in adapting communication and engagement strategies for persons with different types of impairments:
Communicating and interacting with people with physical impairments
Communicating and interacting with people who are Deaf or hearing impaired
A note about sign language: Like spoken languages, sign languages are different between countries and regions. Some people also use unofficial sign language and in these cases, you may need to use a family member or friend to interpret. Ask them to teach you some simple signs (e.g. good, bad and thank you) and try to include these in your discussion.
Below is a selection of sign language that is mostly used in daily life:
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Communicating and interacting with people with vision impairments
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Always introduce yourself and other people in the room by name.
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Tell the person if you are moving or leaving their space – do not just walk away.
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If the person has arrived at a new place, tell them who is in the room or group, and offer to describe the environment.
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Avoid vague language, such as “that way” or “over there” when directing or describing a location.
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Always ask the person if they would like assistance to get from one place to another. Ask for instructions on how they would like to be assisted and where they would like to go. Some people prefer verbal guidance, whereas others may prefer for you to physically guide them.
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If you are asked to physically guide someone with a visual impairment, they may want to hold your arm just above the elbow. This will allow them to walk slightly behind you, following you as you turn or step up or down onto steps.
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In counseling session or meetings, describe all pictures, diagrams or paper documents you are using.
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Ask persons with vision impairments if they would like documents in alternative formats, such as Braille or large print. In some contexts, where people have access to computers or smart phones, persons with vision impairments may prefer electronic formats that are accessible through screen reader software.
Communicating and interacting with persons with intellectual impairments
People with intellectual disabilities may experience difficulty in understanding, learning, and remembering, and in applying information to new situations. It is important to note, however, that persons with intellectual disabilities can learn new things and participate in our activities, with just some small changes to the way we work.
Communicating and interacting with persons with speech impairments